LITERATURE

***LITERATURE According To Experts ***

1.   According to Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, literature is “written artistic works especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”. It can be said that  literature is a written works that used special or certain ways in producing it.

2.   According Pickering, James H & Hoeper, Jeffrey D that " the creation of literature is a uniquely human activity, born of man's timeless desire to understand, express, and finally share experiences, 

3.   According henry van dyke  “ literature consists of those writing which interpret the meanigs of nature and life .in words of charm and power .touched with the personality of the author .in artistic forms of permanent interest.”

4.   According imam ja’far al-sadiq literature is the garment which one puts om what he says or writes so that it ma appear more attractive. “added that literature s a slice of life that has been given direction and meaning .an artistic interpretation of the world According to the percipient s point of views

5.   According  roman jakobson  “ organized violence committed on ordinary speech”. Highlightting literature’s deviation from the day tto day and conversational structure of words.

6.   According ezra pound  “ great literature is simly language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree

7.   According  Hudson  says that  “the word literature is loosely used in everyday communication. In common sense, literature means whatever that is written or printed. It is really difficult to differentiate literature from mere documents.

8.   According ala glozary  “literature is reading material that is used in a variety of activities both intellectually or recreation

9.   According Salman Rushdie “ literature is where i go to explore the highest and lowest places in human society and in the human spirit , where i hope to find not absolute truth but the truth of the tale, of the imafination and the heart.

10.       According G.K. Chesterton “literature is a luxury fiction is necessity.”

Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become.

11.       According G.K. Chesterton  “literature is a luxury fiction is necessity.”

Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become.

12.       According Alfred North Whitehead   “ it is literature that the concrete outlook of humanity receives its expression 

13.       E.M. Forster  “ literature is that it transforms the man who reads it towards the condition f the man who wrote

Conclusion :

literature  is written artistic works especially those with high tasting artistic values .

di dalam pelajaran introduction to literature berbagi pandangan pendapat dari beberapa fakultas  :

1.   Fakultas ilmu budaya :  lebih mengekspresikan sebuah hasil karya tulis

2.   Fakultas ilmu pendidikan :  lebih menuliskan nilai seni lebih ke applied sperti : prose,poetry and drama

Thank you : )