lexcicology

             Lexcicology

The terminologi “lexis” refers to the vocabluary(words with the mening)

Lesikologi atau ilmu kosakata adalah ilmu yang membahas tentang koSakata dan maknanya dalam sebuah bahasa

Lexcicology refres to the study of the vocabulary of a language and the devlopment of its lexicon.

 A few terms that are of importence in lexicology should be examined here.

•   Lexical Decomposition

The first of  these is lexical decompositio. Lexical decomposition is a, means of characterizing the detail lexical features of a word. For example taking the words “kitten” , “puppy” and “fawn” , we can see. Some commonality them. The following features :

Kitten – young,  four legged, animate, and living.

Puppy – young, four legged, animate, living.

Fawn –l young, four legged, animate, living
.

If we add “chicken” or “baby” to ths set, the composition will be :

            Chicken – young, two lagged, animate, living.

            Baby – young, two lagged, human, living.

Thus we can tabulate such decomposition as:

             Kitten             puppy              fawn                chicken            baby

Young      +                     +                     +                       +                    +

Living      +                     +                      +                       +                    +

Animate   +                     +                      +                       +                    -

Human     -                      -                       -                        -                    +

Four lagged +                 +                       +                       -                     - 
Two lagged  -                 -                       -                        +                     +           

 Where (+) means the presence of the characteristic and (-) means the absence of the characteristic. 

• Collocation 

Another feature thar is important in the field of word meaning is collocation. Collocation refers to the co-occurrence possibility or compatibility of a word with a orther words. This feature is spoken of in syntagmatic terms- i.e. sentence ordering terms, as well as formall terms (meaning compatibility). For example :
 “black” colloates well with “black” board and “black” bird. Homever, the collocation of “black” , “black” mail and “black” mark are slightly different from the fis three. Likewise, other examples of the colour terms as in.

·         “ red” wine and “red” dress compared to “red” herring,” “red” letter and army.

Where meaning compatibility os concerned (lexical collocation) , a sentence such as, “they baked all the letters and served them for tea” is not semantically sound as we know that “baked” does not go well with “ letters”. Thus although the sentence is absolutely grammatical, it does not collocate correctly for meaning . in the sentence , “they baked all the cakes and served  them for tea,” “cakes and baked” do collocate well ( they are semantically agreeable).

•             Denotation and connotation

Denotation refers to the strich defention of a word, the class of thing denoted by a word. It is referential or dictionary meaning of a lexcical item