phonology

 Phonology 

 the science of speech sounds including especially the history and theory of sound changes in a language or in two or more related languages

 

Rules off phonology

·         a phonetic  

·         instrument said –

·         process fonasi –

·         classifications language –

·         classifications vocal –

·         silabel 

function phonology :

Ø  To know change the vote at a word

Ø  Learn how to work human organs especially that dealing with the use of language .

Ø  Learn about the formation of the sound , communicating / pronunciation

Feature and Phoneme

            A phoneme is a set f phones (=speech sound). In a language L, two sounds a and b  belong to the some phoneme if  and  only if for all string of sounds x and y

            The actual features found in the literature take a (more or less) articulatory standpoint. Tke any souund realizing English /b/. It is produced by closing the lips, there by obstructring  the air flow (‘ bilabial’) and then releaising it, and at the same time letting the vocal cord vibrate (‘voiced’).

The sound with given place feature are listed in columns, and can be read off tthe table. However, i shall give the them here for convenince:

[PLACE : bilabial ] = { /p/, /b/, /m/, w/}

[PLACE : labiodental] = { /f/, /v/}

[PLACE  :  dental] = { /o/, /b/}

[Place : alveolar] = { /t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/i/,}

[PLACE: palotoalveolar] = {/t/, /d/, /s/,/e/}

[PLACE : palatal] = {/j/,}

[PLACE : velar] = {/k/,/g/,/n/,

The manner feature is encoded in the row labels.

[MANNER : stop] = { /p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,tf/,/d3/,/k/,/g/,}

[Manner : fricative] = { /f/,/v/,/q/,/q/,/s/,/z/,/s/,/s/}

[Manner : nasal] = { /m/,/n/,/n/,}

[Manner ; i approx] = { /i/,}

[manner = c pprox] = { /w/,/j/,/r/,