Lexcicology
The terminologi “lexis” refers to the vocabluary(words
with the mening)
Lesikologi atau ilmu kosakata adalah ilmu yang membahas
tentang koSakata
dan maknanya dalam sebuah bahasa
Lexcicology
refres to the study of the vocabulary of a language and the devlopment of its
lexicon.
A few terms that are of importence in
lexicology should be examined here.
The
first of these is lexical decompositio.
Lexical decomposition is a, means of characterizing the detail lexical features
of a word. For example taking the words “kitten” , “puppy” and “fawn” , we can
see. Some commonality them. The following features :
Kitten
– young, four legged, animate, and
living.
Puppy
– young, four legged, animate, living.
Fawn
–l young, four legged, animate, living
.
If
we add “chicken” or “baby” to ths set, the composition will be :
Chicken – young, two lagged,
animate, living.
Baby – young, two lagged, human,
living.
Thus
we can tabulate such decomposition as:
Kitten puppy fawn chicken baby
Young
+ + + + +
Living + + + + +
Animate + + + + -
Human
- - - - +
Four
lagged + + + - -
Two
lagged - - - + +
Where (+) means the presence
of the characteristic and (-) means the absence of the characteristic.
Another
feature thar is important in the field of word meaning is collocation.
Collocation refers to the co-occurrence possibility or compatibility of a word
with a orther words. This feature is spoken of in syntagmatic terms- i.e.
sentence ordering terms, as well as formall terms (meaning compatibility). For
example :
“black” colloates well with “black” board and “black” bird. Homever,
the collocation of “black” , “black” mail and “black” mark are slightly
different from the fis three. Likewise, other examples of the colour terms as
in.
·
“ red” wine and “red” dress compared to
“red” herring,” “red” letter and army.
Where meaning
compatibility os concerned (lexical collocation) , a sentence such as, “they
baked all the letters and served them for tea” is not semantically sound as we
know that “baked” does not go well with “ letters”. Thus although the sentence
is absolutely grammatical, it does not collocate correctly for meaning . in the
sentence , “they baked all the cakes and served
them for tea,” “cakes and baked” do collocate well ( they are
semantically agreeable).
- Denotation
and connotation
Denotation refers to
the strich defention of a word, the class of thing denoted by a word. It is
referential or dictionary meaning of a lexcical item
