Phonology
the science of speech sounds including
especially the history and theory of sound changes in a language or in two or
more related languages
Rules off phonology
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a phonetic
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instrument said –
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process fonasi –
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classifications language –
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classifications vocal –
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silabel
function phonology :
Ø
To know change the vote at a word
Ø
Learn how to work human organs
especially that dealing with the use of language .
Ø
Learn about the formation of the
sound , communicating / pronunciation
Feature and Phoneme
A phoneme is a set f phones (=speech
sound). In a language L, two sounds a and b
belong to the some phoneme if
and only if for all string of sounds
x and y
The actual features found in the
literature take a (more or less) articulatory standpoint. Tke any souund
realizing English /b/. It is produced by closing the lips, there by obstructring
the air flow (‘ bilabial’) and then releaising
it, and at the same time letting the vocal cord vibrate (‘voiced’).
The sound with
given place feature are listed in columns, and can be read off tthe table. However,
i shall give the them here for convenince:
[PLACE : bilabial ] = { /p/, /b/,
/m/, w/}
[PLACE : labiodental] = { /f/, /v/}
[PLACE : dental]
= { /o/, /b/}
[Place : alveolar] = {
/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/i/,}
[PLACE: palotoalveolar]
= {/t/, /d/, /s/,/e/}
[PLACE : palatal] =
{/j/,}
[PLACE : velar] = {/k/,/g/,/n/,
The manner feature is encoded in the row labels.
[MANNER : stop] = {
/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,tf/,/d3/,/k/,/g/,}
[Manner : fricative] = {
/f/,/v/,/q/,/q/,/s/,/z/,/s/,/s/}
[Manner : nasal] = {
/m/,/n/,/n/,}
[Manner ; i approx] = {
/i/,}
[manner = c pprox] = {
/w/,/j/,/r/,
